Types of Chromatography

1. Paper Chromatography:
Paper chromatography is a useful technique for separating and identifying pigments and other molecules from cell extracts that contain a complex mixture of molecules. The solvent moves up the paper by capillary action, which occurs as a result of the attraction of solvent molecules to the paper and the attraction of solvent molecules to one another. As the solvent moves up the paper, it carries along any substances dissolved in it. The pigments are carried along the different rates because they are not equally soluble in the solvent and because they are attracted, to different degrees, to the fibers in the paper through the formation of intermolecular bonds, such as hydrogen bonds.

2. Thin Layer Chromatography:
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a widely used chromatography technique used to separate chemical compounds. It involves a stationary phase consisting of a thin layer of adsorbent material, in this case, silica gel immobilized onto a flat, inert carrier sheet. It can be used to determine the pigments a plant contains, to detect pesticides or insecticides in food, in forensics to analyze the dye composition of fibers, or to identify compounds present in a given substance, among other uses.

3. Gas Chromatography:
 A Gas Chromatography is used to detect the components based on the selective affinity of components towards the adsorbent materials. The sample is introduced in the liquid/gas form with the help of GC syringe into the injection port, it gets vaporized at injection port then passes through column with the help of continuously flowing carrier stream.